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Single cuttering Edge VS multiple cutting edge
Easy to discover that, "core" and "flute valleys" of the tools.
More flutes with a larger core and smaller flute valleys than tools with fewer flutes which proportional to tool strength; the larger the core, the stronger a tool will be. In turn, a larger core also reduces the flute depth of a tool, restricting the amount of space for chips to exist. This can cause issues with chip packing in applications requiring heavy material removal.
Massive mount of chips being created per rotation useing more flutes router bit; therefore the CNC has to travel much faster to eject them. There's even a calculable term for this called chip load. But you need to know that the result of all those chips piling up is the cutter gets hot because it can't eject chips fast enough – so the material being cut starts to burn and the bit overheats. It's bad for the cutter and potentially a dangerous situation.
More cutters mean that the CNC has to run faster to eject waste and stay cool. Fewer flutes mean more material can be removed per rotation when running a CNC at slower feed rates. Feed rates on a CNC is a big topic in itself, but let's take a quick look at what kind of speeds I mean when I say "fast."
A high-performance four-flute wood cutting bit needs to travel at 1,800-2,000 Inches Per Minute (IPM) to work properly. Only the fastest and most expensive top-of-the-line factory-level machines using 10-20hp spindles can run that fast. At that speed, you stand behind safety shields and just watch the CNC move around in an insane blur. Even three-flute specialized cutters need to run 900-1,200 IPM – still very fast but within the range of the best commercial grade CNCs. Two-flute wood cutters happily run from less than 200 to 600 IPM - which is the real world feed rate range of the kind of machines that a woodworker, smaller professional shops or average cabinet shop CNC are able to achieve. I can tell you from personal experience that it's still way more than fast enough to do the most frequent task CNCs do for a woodworker: cutting parts.
What about single-flute cutters? They're rarely appropriate for cutting wood on a CNC (there are a few exceptions for specialized finishing bits). But for use on aluminum or hard plastics, single flutes are most common. Special single-flute cutter designs called O-flutes are the tool of choice in those cases
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